GLOBAL INNOVATION INDEX 2023
topic has relevance in the “Economy” section of the UPSC CSE exam& BSSC exam
For Prelims:
What is the Global Innovation Index 2023?
What is WIPO?
For Mains:
GS3: Economy
Why in the news?
According to the Global Innovation Index 2023 rankings published by the World Intellectual
Property Organization (WIPO), India has maintained its 40th rank out of 132 economies.
About Global Innovation Index 2023
The Global Innovation Index 2023 assesses the innovation ecosystem performance of 132
economies and keeps track of the most recent global innovation trends.
Key Takeaways of the Report:
The report identifies Switzerland, Sweden, the United States, the United Kingdom, and
Singapore as the global leaders in innovation.
At the same time, China, Turkey, India, Vietnam, the Philippines, Indonesia, and the Islamic
Republic of Iran are recognised as middle-income economies that have made significant
progress in innovation over the last decade.
The report also reveals that innovation investments showed mixed performance in 2022 amid
various challenges and a downturn in innovation finance.
Furthermore, the report indicates that technological progress is widespread, with few
setbacks. Technology adoption is on the rise, but its socioeconomic impact remains weak.
The report presents a global top 100 science and technology cluster ranking, highlighting that
the world’s five most significant clusters are all in East Asia.
Tokyo-Yokohama is the largest cluster globally, while Cambridge is the most science and
technology-intensive cluster.
India’s Performance
India has been on a rising trajectory over the past several years in the Global Innovation Index
(GII), moving from a rank of 81 in 2015 to 40 in 2023.
In the report, WIPO noted that, apart from India, only four other middle-income economies are
among the top 40, namely, China (12th), Malaysia (36th), Bulgaria (38th), and Turkey (39th).
The GII listed India among the 21 economies that have consistently outperformed for a 13th
consecutive year in innovation relative to their level of development.
Besides infrastructure, India was the top performer in all other criteria within the Central and
South Asian region.
Driving Factors behind India’s Rise
The consistent improvement in the GII ranking is attributed to the immense knowledge
capital, the vibrant start-up ecosystem, and the work done by public and private
research organisations.
All government departments, including the Department of Science and Technology, the
Department of Biotechnology, the Department of Space, and the Department of Atomic Energy,
have played a pivotal role in enriching the National Innovation Ecosystem.
Most importantly, the Atal Innovation Mission has played a significant role in expanding the
innovation ecosystem.
World Intellectual Property Organization
The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) is a specialized agency of the United
Nations (UN) created to promote and protect intellectual property (IP) worldwide.
WIPO cooperates with countries and international organizations to achieve its goals.
Headquarters: WIPO is based in Geneva, Switzerland.
Activities:
o WIPO hosts forums to discuss and shape international IP rules and policies.
o They also provide global services for IP registration and protection in different countries.
o WIPO helps resolve transboundary IP disputes, promotes uniform standards and
infrastructure for IP systems, and serves as a reference database on IP matters.
Funding: WIPO differs from most UN organizations as it relies heavily on fees related to its
global services, with 95% of its budget being self-funded.
Treaties: WIPO administers 26 international treaties that cover a wide range of intellectual
property issues.
Sources: India retains 40th rank in the Global Innovation Index 2023
Q1. With reference to the Global Innovation Index 2023 rankings, consider the following
statements:
1. India has improved its ranking consistently over the past several years.
2. China, Malaysia, Bulgaria, India, and Turkey are the only middle-income economies ranking
among the top 40.
3. India performs well in all criteria within the Central and South Asian region.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 3 only
(d) None
Answer: (a)
Q2. Consider the following:
1. The Global Innovation Index 2023 captures the innovation ecosystem performance of 193
economies worldwide.
2. Switzerland, Sweden, and Canada are identified as the global leaders in innovation.
3. The report highlights that the world’s five most significant science and technology clusters are
all located in North America.
4. The Global Innovation Index 2023 rankings are published by the World Intellectual Property
Organization (WIPO).
How many of the abovementioned statements are correct ?
(a) Only one
(b) Only two
(c) Only three
(d) All Four
Answer: (a)
Q3. Discuss the factors contributing to India’s rise in the Global Innovation Index and
examine the role of government initiatives in fostering innovation in the country.
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